ASTM D1092-11 潤滑脂表觀粘度測量的標準試驗方法

Apparent viscosity versus shear rate information can be useful in predicting pressure drops in grease distribution systems under steady-state flow conditions at constant temperature.1.1 This test method covers measurement, in poises, of the apparent viscosity of lubricating greases in the temperature range from −54 to 38°C (−65 to 100°F). Measurements are limited to the range from 25 to 100 000 P at 0.1 s−1 and 1 to 100 P at 15 000 s−1. Note 18212;At very low temperatures the shear rate range may be reduced because of the great force required to force grease through the smaller capillaries. Precision has not been established below 10 s−1. 1.2 This standard uses inch-pound units as well as SI (acceptable metric) units. The values stated first are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The capillary dimensions in SI units in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2 are standard. 1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases

ASTM D1478-11 滾珠軸承潤滑脂的低溫扭矩用標準試驗方法

This test method was developed using greases having very low torque characteristics at −54°C (−65°F). Specifications for greases of this type commonly require testing at this temperature. Specifications for greases of other types can require testing at temperatures from −75 to −20°C (−100 to 0°F). This test method has proved helpful in the selection of greases for low-powered mechanisms, such as instrument bearings used in aerospace applications. The suitability of this test method for other applications requiring different greases, speeds, and temperatures should be determined on an individual basis. Test Method D4693 may be better suited for applications using larger bearings or greater loads. However, greases having such characteristics that permit torque evaluations by either this test method or Test Method D4693 will not give the same values in the two test methods (even when converted to the same torque units) because the apparatus and test bearings are different. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent to which a grease retards the rotation of a slow-speed ball bearing by measuring starting and running torques at low temperatures (below −20°C (0°F)). 1.1.1 Torque measurements are limited by the capacity of the torque-measuring equipment. Note 18212;When initially developed, the original dynamometer scale limited the torque capacity to approximately 30 000 g·cm; the original dynamometer scale is obsolete, however. The suggested replacement scale has not been evaluated; it could extend the limit to approximately 75 000 g·cm. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The exception is torque values that are given in cgs-metric units, which are universally used in grease specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.7, and 8.11.

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Grease

ASTM D5969-11 稀釋合成海水環(huán)境的存在于潤滑脂防腐蝕性能的標準試驗方法

This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the test conditions.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion-preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated tapered roller bearings exposed to various concentrations of dilute synthetic sea water stored under wet conditions. It is based on Test Method D1743, which is practiced using a similar procedure and distilled water. The reported result is a pass or fail rating as determined by at least two of three bearings. 1.2 Apparatus Dimensions8212;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 All Other Values8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Corrosion-Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases in Presence of Dilute Synthetic Sea Water Environments

ASTM D1478-11(2017)e1 球軸承滑脂低溫扭矩的標準試驗方法

5.1 This test method was developed using greases having very low torque characteristics at8201;−548201;°C (−658201;°F). Specifications for greases of this type commonly require testing at this temperature. Specifications for greases of other types can require testing at temperatures from8201;−758201;°C to8201;−208201;°C (−1008201;°F to 08201;°F). 5.2 This test method has proved helpful in the selection of greases for low-powered mechanisms, such as instrument bearings used in aerospace applications. The suitability of this test method for other applications requiring different greases, speeds, and temperatures should be determined on an individual basis. 5.3 Test Method D4693 may be better suited for applications using larger bearings or greater loads. However, greases having such characteristics that permit torque evaluations by either this test method or Test Method D4693 will not give the same values in the two test methods (even when converted to the same torque units) because the apparatus and test bearings are different. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent to which a grease retards the rotation of a slow-speed ball bearing by measuring starting and running torques at low temperatures (below8201;−208201;°C (08201;°F)). 1.1.1 Torque measurements are limited by the capacity of the torque-measuring equipment. Note 1: When initially developed, the original dynamometer scale limited the torque capacity to approximately 308201;0008201;g·cm; the original dynamometer scale is obsolete, however. The suggested replacement scale has not been evaluated; it could extend the limit to approximately 758201;0008201;g·cm. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values given in parentheses are for information only. The exception is torque values that are given in cgs-metric units, which are universally used in grease specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.7, and 8.11. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the......

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Ball Bearing Grease

ASTM D6185-11 潤滑脂二元混合物兼容性評估的標準操作規(guī)程

The compatibility of greases can be important for users of grease-lubricated equipment. It is well known that the mixing of two greases can produce a substance markedly inferior to either of its constituent materials. One or more of the following can occur. A mixture of incompatible greases most often softens, sometimes excessively. Occasionally, it can harden. In extreme cases, the thickener and liquid lubricant will completely separate. Bleeding can be so severe that the mixed grease will run out of an operating bearing. Excessive syneresis can occur, forming pools of liquid lubricant separated from the grease. Dropping points can be reduced to the extent that grease or separated oil runs out of bearings at elevated operating temperatures. Such events can lead to catastrophic lubrication failures. Because of such occurrences, equipment manufacturers recommend completely cleaning the grease from equipment before installing a different grease. Service recommendations for grease-lubricated equipment frequently specify the caveat–do not mix greases under any circumstances. Despite this admonition, grease mixing will occur and, at times, cannot be avoided. In such instances, it would be useful to know whether the mixing of two greases could lead to inadequate lubrication with disastrous consequences. Equipment users most often do not have the resources to evaluate grease compatibility and must rely on their suppliers. Mixing of greases is a highly imprudent practice. Grease and equipment manufacturers alike recognize such practices will occur despite all warnings to the contrary. Thus, both users and suppliers have a need to know the compatibility characteristics of the greases in question. There are two approaches to evaluating the compatibility of grease mixtures. One is to determine whether such mixtures meet the same specification requirements as the constituent components. This approach is not addressed by this practice. Instead, this practice takes a specification-independent approach; it describes the evaluation of compatibility on a relative basis using specific test methods. Three test methods are used because fewer are not sufficiently definitive. For example, in one study, using 100 000-stroke worked penetration for evaluation, 62 % of the mixtures were judged to be compatible. In a high-temperature storage stability study, covering a broader spectrum of grease types, only one-third of the mixtures were compatible. These studies used different criteria to judge compatibility. Compatibility cannot be predicted with certainty from foreknowledge of grease composition. Generally, greases having the same or similar thickener types will be compatible. Uncommonly, even greases of the same type, although normally compatible when mixed, can be incompatible because of incompatible additive treatments. Thus, compatibility needs to be judged on a case-by-case basis. Two constituent greases are blended in specific ratios. A 50:50 mixture simulates a ratio that might be experienced when one grease (Grease A) is installed in a bearing containing a previously installed, different grease (Grease B), and no attempt is made to flush out Grease B with Grease A. The 10:90 and 90:10 ratios are intended to simulate ratios that might occur when attempts are made to flush out Grease B with Grease A. Note 18212;Some companies evaluate 25:75 and 75:25 ratio mixtures instead of 10:90 and 90:10 ratio mixtures. But, the latter two ratios, which are prescribed by this practice, are considered more representative of the flushing practice described in 5.3. Incompatibility is most often revealed by the evaluation of 50:50 mixtures. However, in some instances 50:50 mixtures are compatible and more dilute ratios are incompatib........

Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Binary Mixtures of Lubricating Greases

ASTM D7594-11 使用高頻線性震蕩(SRV)試驗機測定潤滑脂在高赫茲接觸壓力下的摩擦磨損耐受性的標準試驗方法

This test method can be used to determine anti-wear properties and coefficient of friction of greases in order to prevent “fretting” wear under linear oscillation with associated low strokes and high Hertzian contact pressures at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications in which induced, high-speed vibrational motions are present for extended periods of time. It has found application as a screening test for grease lubricants used in ball and roller bearings, roller or ball screw (spindle) drives or side shaft systems (Tripode or Rzeppa type) for example, so-called constant velocity (CV) joints. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the lubricating action of greases in order to prevent “fretting” wear under linear oscillation with associated low strokes and high Hertzian contact pressures under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. By performing additional, nonmandatory extreme-pressure tests in accordance with Test Method D5706, the test grease should be shown to be able to withstand a Hertzian contact pressure of at least 2200 MPa without adhesive failure. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Fretting Wear Resistance of Lubricating Greases Under High Hertzian Contact Pressures Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

ASTM D1831-11 潤滑脂滾軋穩(wěn)定性的標準試驗方法

The roll stability test is widely used in specifications. Test results are significant insofar as they can show a directional change in consistency that could occur in service. No accurate correlation is established between the test results and shear stability in actual service.1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes in the consistency, as measured by cone penetration, of lubricating greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception8212;The values stated in inch-pound units for the apparatus dimensions are to be regarded as standard; the SI conversions are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating Grease

ASTM D6138-11 在動態(tài)潮濕條件下測定潤滑脂防腐特性的標準試驗方法(Emcor試驗)

This test method is used to assess the ability of grease to prevent corrosion in rolling bearings operated in the presence of distilled water, sodium chloride solution, or synthetic sea water. It is used for development and specification purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of corrosion- preventive properties of greases using grease- lubricated ball bearings under dynamic wet conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion-Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases Under Dynamic Wet Conditions (Emcor Test)

ASTM D1264-11 確定潤滑脂抗水洗特性的標準試驗方法

This test method estimates the resistance of greases to water washout from ball bearings under conditions of the test. No correlation with field service has been established.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the resistance of a lubricating grease to washout by water from a bearing, when tested at 38 and 79°C (100 and 175°F) under the prescribed laboratory conditions. It is not to be considered the equivalent of service evaluation tests. This test method may not be suitable for some greases containing highly volatile components. Precision and bias was determined using grease ranging from NLGI 3 to 0 grades in the research report (see Section 10). 1.2 The values state in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.3.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Water Washout Characteristics of Lubricating Greases

ASTM D5706-11 使用高頻線性振蕩(SRV)試驗機測定潤滑脂極端壓力特性的標準試驗方法

This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases at selected temperatures specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine. This test method can also be used for evaluating extreme pressure properties of lubricating fluid. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

ASTM D5969-11e1 在稀釋合成海水環(huán)境下測定潤滑脂防腐蝕性能的標準試驗方法

5.1 This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the test conditions. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion-preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated tapered roller bearings exposed to various concentrations of dilute synthetic sea water stored under wet conditions. It is based on Test Method D1743, which is practiced using a similar procedure and distilled water. The reported result is a pass or fail rating as determined by at least two of three bearings. 1.2 Apparatus Dimensions???The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 All Other Values???The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Corrosion-Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases in Presence of Dilute Synthetic Sea Water Environments

SAE AMS2518C-2010 石墨凡士林抗咬合復合螺紋

This specification covers an anti-seize compound in the form of a grease. This compound has been used as an anti-seize compound on aircraft engine spark plugs and threaded fasteners and fittings, but usage is not limited to such applications. This compound may be used safely in contact with austenitic corrosion-resistant steels, titanium, nickel, and cobalt alloys, and similar corrosion-resistant metals and alloys. This compound contains graphite which may promote corrosion of aluminum, magnesium, ferrous, zinc, and cadmium alloys or plated coatings and should not be used in contact with such metals.

Thread, Compound, Anti-Seize, Graphite-Petrolatum

NF F19-510/IN1:2010 軌道交通.軸箱.潤滑脂.

Railway applications - Axleboxes - Lubricating greases.

NF F19-510:2010 軌道交通.軸箱.潤滑脂.

Railway applications - Axleboxes - Lubricating greases.

DIN EN 14865-1:2010 軌道交通.軸套潤滑油.第1部分:潤滑能力的試驗方法

This European Standard specifies a testing method and sets the acceptance criteria for the determining of the lubrication ability of lubricating greases intended for the lubrication of axlebox bearings. The lubricating ability, primarily related to the capability of lubricating greases to protect against wear, is determined in a roller bearing lubricant test rig. Wear of the rolling bearing rollers, the frictional behaviour and temperature during the test are used to discriminate between lubricating greases. The method described is carried out in order to test axlebox greases for ordinary-speed vehicles, with speeds up to 200 km/h, and for greases intended for high-speed vehicles, with speeds up to 300 km/h. The method is a discriminating process, and those greases that pass will be subject to more extensive performance tests.

Railway applications - Axlebox lubricating greases - Part 1: Method to test the ability to lubricate; German version EN 14865-1:2009

NB/SH/T 0823-2010 潤滑脂在稀釋合成海水中防腐蝕性試驗法

1．1 本標準適用于在潮濕條件下，在各種濃度的稀釋合成海水環(huán)境中存放涂有潤滑脂的錐形滾動軸承來測定潤滑脂的防腐蝕性能。本標準以GB／T 5018方法為基礎，GB／T 5018與本方法試驗步驟相近，采用蒸餾水作為試驗介質。本方法以合格或不合格作為評定結果，報告在三個軸承中至少兩個一致的結果。 1．2本標準未闡明與其使用有關的所有安全問題。本標準的使用者在使用前，應制訂相應的安全和防護措施，并確定有適用性的管理制度。

Standard test method for corrosion-preventive properties of lubricating greases in presence of dilute synthetic sea water environments

ASTM D4048-10 潤滑油脂對銅的腐蝕的檢測標準試驗方法

This test method measures the tendency of lubricating grease to corrode copper under specific static conditions. It may be of some value in predicting possible chemical attack on lubricated parts, such as bearings that contain copper or copper alloys. Such corrosion, for example, can cause premature bearing failures. However, no correlations with actual field service, most of which are under dynamic conditions, have been established. It does not measure either the ability of the lubricant to inhibit copper corrosion caused by factors other than the lubricant itself nor does it measure the stability of the grease in the presence of copper.1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of lubricating grease. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 10.

Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Lubricating Grease

ASTM D4170-10 使用潤滑脂進行摩擦磨損防護的標準試驗方法

This test method is used to evaluate the property of lubricating greases to protect oscillating bearings from fretting wear. This method, used for specification purposes, differentiates among greases allowing low, medium, and high amounts of fretting wear under the prescribed test conditions. The test has been used to predict the fretting performance of greases in wheel bearings of passenger cars shipped long distances. Test results do not necessarily correlate with results from other types of service. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether test results correlate with other types of service.1.1 This test method evaluates the fretting wear protection provided by lubricating greases. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 9.2.

Standard Test Method for Fretting Wear Protection by Lubricating Greases

ASTM D2596-10 潤滑脂的極端壓力特性測定的標準試驗方法(四球法)

This test method, used for specification purposes, differentiates between lubricating greases having low, medium, and high level of extreme-pressure properties. The results do not necessarily correlate with results from service. It is noted that lubricating greases that have as their fluid component a silicone, halogenated silicone, or a mixture comprising silicone fluid and petroleum oil, are not applicable to this method of test. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying properties of lubricating greases. Two determinations are made: 1.1.1 Load-Wear Index (formerly called Mean-Hertz Load), and 1.1.2 Weld Point, by means of the Four-Ball Extreme-Pressure (EP) Tester. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

ASTM D1743-10 測定潤滑脂的防腐蝕性能的標準試驗方法

This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the conditions of the test.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated tapered roller bearings stored under wet conditions. This test method is based on CRC Technique L 41 that shows correlations between laboratory results and service for grease lubricated aircraft wheel bearings. 1.2 Apparatus Dimensions8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 All Other Values8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases